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  • 1 ἈΠΌ

    ἈΠΌ, ab, ab, drückt im Allgemeinen die Entfernung von einem Gegenstande aus.

    I. Als Adverbium findet es sich fast nur bei Dichtern, u. auch da wohl immer so, daß besser eine Tmesis angenommen wird: Hom. Iliad. 5, 214 ἀπ' ἐμεῖο κάρη τάμοι; 16, 82 ἀπὸ νόστον ἕλωνται; 18, 92 ἀπὸ ϑυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ; 19, 266 ἀπὸ στόμαχον κάπρου τάμε; 22, 505 φίλου ἀπὸ πατρὸς ἁμαρτών; 1, 67 ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι; Od. 8, 149 σκέδασον δ' ἀπὸ κήδεα ϑυμοῦ; vgl. Scholl. Herodian Iliad. 18, 92. 1, 67; – Her. 8, 89 ἀπὸ μὲν ἔϑανε ὁ στρατηγός, ἀπὸ δέ ἄλλοι.

    II. Als Präposition stets mit dem gen. verbunden. Grundbedeutung: von, ab.

    A. räumlich, die älteste bei Homer fast herrschende Bdtg; παρά bei Personen, ἀπό mit wenigen Ausnahmen bei Sachen, nach richtiger Unterscheidung der alten Grammatiker; vgl. z. B. Iliad. 11, 603 φϑεγξάμενος παρὰ νηός, wo das von Lehrs Quaestt. epp. p. 88 erwähnte Scholium so zu lesen ist: παρὰ νηός: οὐκ ἀντὶ τοῦ παρὰ νηί, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς νηός. – 1) von einem Orte weg, bei Verbis der Bewegung, φοβέοντο ἀπὸ νηῶν Il. 16, 304, sie flohen von den Schiffen fort; ἔῤῥιψ' ἐμαυτὴν τῆσδ' ἀπὸ πέτρας Aesch. Prom. 705; γᾶς ἀπ' Ἀσίδος ἦλϑε Pers. 262; μητρὸς ἁρπασϑεῖσ' ἄπο Eur. Hec. 513; πηδᾷ πῶλος ἃς ἀπὸ ζυγοῦ Or. 45; ἀπ' ἀλλήλων ἀπιέναι ποι Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 28; διώκειν ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατεύματος, vom Heere fort, An. 3, 5, 9; Hom. vrbdt auch ἀπ' οὐρανόϑεν, ἀπὸ Τροίᾷϑεν: Iliad. 8, 365 ἀπ' οὐρανόϑεν προΐαλλεν; 21, 199 ὅτ' ἀπ' οὐρανόϑεν σμαραγήσῃ; Od. 11, 18 ἀπ' οὐρανόϑεν προτράπηται; 12, 381 ἀπ' οὐρανόϑεν προτραποίμην; Iliad. 24, 492 ἀπὸ Τροίηϑε μολόντα; Od. 9, 38 ἀπὸ Τροίηϑεν ἰόντι; doch kann man Tmesis annehmen, vgl. Od. 9, 259 Τροίηϑεν ἀποπλαγχϑέντες. Bes. von einem höheren Orte herab, Iliad. 5, 835 ἀφ' ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε; 16, 733 ἀφ' ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε, vom Wagen herab; Il. 14, 153 εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου, schaute vom Vorgebirge herab; vgl. Eur. Troad. 523; ἀφ' ἵππων μάχεσϑαι, vom Pferde herab kämpfen, zu Pferde kämpfen; οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀπὸ νηῶν ἐπιβάντες, von den Rossen, von den Schiffen herab, Il. 15, 386; Iliad. 5, 13 τὼ μὲν ἀφ' ἵπποιιν, ὁ δ' ἀπὸ χϑονὸς ὤρνυτο πεζός; μάχη ἀφ' ἵππων Her. 1, 79; ἀφ' ἵππου ϑηρεύειν Xen. An. 1, 2, 7; ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων ἠκόντιζε Plat. Men. 93 d; λαμπὰς ἀφ' ἵππων ἔσται, ein Fackellauf zu Pferde, Rep. I, 328 a; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁρμάτων προμαχοῠντες Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 60; ἀπὸ νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Thuc. 4, 14; Luc. Ver. H. II, 38. Hiermit hängt zusammen: ταχὺ φεύγειν τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν Xen. Cyr. 7, 5, 23; An. 5, 2, 24; οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πύργων ἐπαρήξουσι Cyr. 6, 4, 18, die auf den Thürmen wer den von da herab beistehen; vgl. ἀπ' οὐδοῠ τοξάσσεται, von der Schwelle aus, indem er auf der Schwelle seinen Stand hat, Od. 22, 72. Aehnl. ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀπὸ μελάϑρου, den Strick anknüpfen, daß er vom Gebälk herabhängt, am Gebälk befestigen, Od. 11, 278. Man vgl. noch ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, du starbst jung vom Leben hinweg, Il. 24, 725; – ἄρχομαι ἀπό τινος, von etwas anfangen, indem man davon ausgeht, Plat. Phaedr. 228 d; εἰ μέν τι ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἄλλο ἀποβήσεται, wenn etwas anderes davon ausgehen, die Folge sein wird, Prot. 351 c u. öfter; πειρατέον ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ϑεοῦ Phil. 12 c; vgl. Her. 9, 66; – ἀπὸ ϑαλάσσης εἰς ϑάλασσαν Xen. Hell. 1, 3, 4, von einem Meere zum andern; ἀπὸ τραπεζῶν δειπνεῖν, von Tischen essen, Plat. Rep. II, 372 e. – 2) von einem Orte her, nur den Ursprung oder das Ausgehen von einem Orte bezeichnend, ohne daß die Entfernung dabei in Betracht kommt, ἵπποι – ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il. 2, 839, Pferde, die von dem Flusse S. her sind; wo sie gerade sind, ist gleichgültig; κωκυτοῦ δ' ἤκουσε καὶ οἰμωγῆς ἀπὸ πύργου 22, 447. So bes. oft οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πρέσβεις, στρατηγοί, στρατιῶται, auch οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων allein, Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 27. Vgl. C. – 3) fern, entfernt, bei Verbis, die keine Bewegung bedeuten; Τεῦκρος πάρεστι Μυσίων ἀπὸ κρημνῶν Soph. Ai. 707 gehört zu 1). In der Bedeutung »fern« wurde und wird von Manchen anastrophirt, ἄπο, z. B. Od. 15, 517 ἀλλ' ἄπο τῶν ὑπερωίῳ ἱστὸν ὑφαίνει, s. Lehrs Quaestt. epp. p. 94 sqq. Iliad. 18. 64 ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο μένοντα; μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο, fern von seiner Gattin weilend, 2, 292; ἀπ' οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο, fern vom Gehör, 18, 272; vgl. 20, 341; τὸν δ' ἐκίχανον ἐκτὸς ἀπὸ κλισίης Iliad. 10, 151; νούσων δ' ἑσμὸς ἀπ' ἀστῶν ἵζοι Aesch. Suppl. 667; κεῖται μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων Soph. Phil. 183; ἀπὸ λέχεος Eur. Or. 185; αὐλίζεσϑαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὅπλων Thuc. 6, 64; ἀπὸ ϑαλάσσης 1, 7; ἀπὸ τοῠ Σωκράτους γεγονότε Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 25; διαλείποντες συχνὸν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Cyr. 1, 8, 10; ἔσται οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος, es wird nicht von der Sache abliegen, zur Sache gehören, Dem. 24, 6, wo die mss. ἄπο haben; gew. ist ἀπέχειν ἀπό τινος, s. das Wort; ἀπὸ οἴκου εἶναι, fern vom Hause sein, Thuc. 1, 99; ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι, vom Manne getrennt leben, Plut. C. Graech. 4. – Man vgl. noch κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων, den Anderen verborgen, Od. 23, 110; ἀπὸ σκοποῦ, fern vom Ziele, das rechte Ziel verfehlend; ἀπὸ δόξης, fern von der richtigen Meinung, gegen die Erwartung: Od. 11, 344 οὐ μὰν ἧμιν ἀπὸ σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀπὸ δόξης μυϑεῖται; Iliad. 10, 324 σοὶ δ' ἐγὼ οὐχ ἅλιος σκοπὸς ἔσσομαι, οὐδ' ἀπὸ δόξης; οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ εἴρηκεν Plat. Theaet. 179 c; ἀπ' ἐλπίδος, wider Erwarten, Aesch. Ag. 996; Soph. El. 1116; Ap. Rh. 2, 863; ἀπὸ ϑυμοῦ εἶναί τινι Il. 1, 562, dem Herzen entfremdet, verhaßt; οὐκ ἀπὸ γνώμης λέγεις Soph. Tr. 388, Herm. ἄπο; ἄπο τρόπου λέγεις Plat. Rep. V, 470 b; Theaet. 143 c; Soph. 225 a; – ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος σπεύδειν, ohne Zügel, mit verhängtem Zügel, Soph. O. C. 904; ἀπ' ἀκάνϑης ῥόδον, Rose ohne Dornen, Mel. 2, 5 (XII, 256). Wird das Maaß der Entfernung hinzugesetzt, so steht bes. bei Sp. ἀπό vor diesem, wie schon Her. ἀπὸ σταδίων ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι τῆς Μέμφεως, wo auch der gen. des Maaßes auffällt, vgl. Plut. Philop. 4 Oth. 11.

    B. Von der Zeit: von, an, seit, nach. So läßt sich auffassen Hom. Iliad. 8, 54 οἱ δ' ἄρα δεῖπνον ἕλοντο ῥίμφα, ἀπὸ δ' αὐτοῦ ϑωρήσσοντο, nach dem Mahle, so daß das Mahl der Ausgangspunkt ist; so sicht es Antiph. 1, 17 dem πρὸ δείπνου entgegen, u. nachher dafür μετὰ δεῖπνον; so ἀπὸ δείπνου γενέσϑαι Her. 6, 129 u. öfter; οἱ ἀπὸ δείπνου, die abgespeis't haben, Ar. Eccl. 726; Ath. XIII, 584 d; ἀπὸ τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν, gleich nach dem Essen trinken, Hippocr. Von den Tragg. an häufig bei Att., ἀπὸ στρατείας Aesch. Ag. 611; ἀπὸ πρώτων ἐπῶν Ar. Ran. 975; ἀπὸ ϑεάτρου, nach dem Theater, Luc. conscr. hist. 1; ἀπὸ τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, seit uralter Zeit, Thuc. 2, 15; ἀφ' οὗ γε ἄνϑρωποι γεγόναμεν Plat. Phaed. 76 c; u. bes. oft bei Xen. u. spät. Historikern; ἀπὸ γενεᾶς Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 13; ἀπὸ παίδων 1, 2, 6; ἀφ' οὗ, seitdem, ἡμέρα πέμπτη, ἀφ' ἧς εἰσέβαλλε Hell. 4, 6, 6; ἀπὸ τοῦ κατορϑώματος τούτου Pol. 2, 31; ἀπὸ Περσῶν, seit den Zeiten der Perser, 5, 107. Dieser u. Sp., wie Plut., fügen noch oft γίγνεσϑαι hinzu, ἐπεὶ ἀπὸ τούτων ἐγένοντο Pol. 1, 24. 5, 77 u. öfter, = ἀπὸ τούτου; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου, von jener Zeit an, Luc. Prom. 13, wie τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου Her. 1, 130. 3; Xen. Ages. 1, 34; τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε Her. 2, 99; Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 22; τὸ ἀφ' ἑσπέρας Hell. 2, 4, 24. So ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων τῶν στρατιωτικῶν γενόμενος, nach dem Kriegsdienst. Plut. ὁ ἀπὸ τῆς στρατηγίας, gewesener Feldherr. Ebenso bei Bezeichnungder eigtl. Tageszeiten, εὐϑὺς ἀφ' ἑσπέρας οἴχεσϑαι, mit Einbruch des Abends. Xen. An. 6, 1, 23; ἀπὸ μέσων νυκτῶν, gleich nach Mitternacht, Ar. Vesp. 218; ebenso ἀφ' ἡμέρας, ἀπὸ νυκτός, vom Anbruch des Tages an.

    C. Uebh. zur Bezeichnung des Ursprungs u. Ausgangs von etwas u. ähnl. Beziehungen. 1) Abstammung, Herkunft dem Geschlechte nach; Od. 19, 163 οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου, οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης, du stammst nicht von der Eiche, auch nicht vom Felsen, d. h. du bist nicht von unbekannter Herkunft, womit zu vgl. der ähnl. Ausdruck οὐ μέν πως νῦν ἔστιν ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης τῷ ὀαριζέμεναι Iliad. 22. 126; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀπό τ' ἀλσέων ἔκ ϑ' ἱερῶν ποταμῶν Od. 10, 350; ἀπὸ δυστήνου πατρός Aesch. Sept. 1011; ἆρ' οἶσϑ' ἀφ' ὧν εἶ Soph. O. R. 415; ἀφ' ὧν αὐτὸς ἔφυν 1364, woran sich schließt τραφεὶς ἀπό τινος Ai. 1229; Eur. Ion. 262. 693. In Prosa, Her. 6, 125; οἱ ἀπ' ἐκείνων, die Nachkommen jener, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 45; οἱ ἀπὸ Δαμαράτου Hell. 3, 1, 4; An. 2, 1, 3; οἱ ἀφ' Ἁρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος Dem. Lept. 18; immer entferntere Verwandtschaft, vgl. Isocr. 12, 81 τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ ϑεῶν τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ϑεῶν γεγονότας; Plat. Rep. III, 391 c τρίτος ἀπὸ Διός. Nachkomme des Zeus im dritten Gliede; ἀπὸ πατρός, ἀπὸ μητρός, von väterlicher, mütterlicher Seite; auch ε'ς ἀπὸ Σπάρτης, aus Sparta stammend, Soph. El. 691; vgl. Her. 8, 114; ἰατρός τις Σικελίας ἀπὸ γᾶς Epicrat. Ath. II, 59 c (V. 28); ἀφ' αἴματός τινος, aus dem Geblüte, Eur. Alc. 512; οἱ ἀπὸ γένους, Familienglieder, Plut. Them. 32 Dem. 30. – 2) Allgemeiner den Ursprung, den Urheber bezeichnend, wo es oft als bloße Umschreibung für den gen. erscheint, αἷμα ἀπὸ Τρώων. Troerblut, Il. 12, 431; λαχὼν ἀπὸ ληίδος αἶσαν Od. 5, 40; ὀλίγοι ἀπὸ πολλῶν Thuc. 7, 87, vgl. Her. 6, 27; – ἀπὸ ϑεοῦ εἶναι. von Gott herrühren, Od. 6. 12 ϑεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς; 6, 18 χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι; 8. 457 ϑεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσα; τὰ ἀπὸ τύχης φέρειν com. Ath. 458 c; τίμοι νεώτερον βούλευμ' ἀπ' Ἀργείων ἔχεις Soph. Phil. 556. welch neueren Beschluß von den Argivern, d. i. der Argiver; οἱ ἀπ' Αἰγίσϑου φίλοι Eur. Or. 435; ἐχϑρᾶς ἀπὸ γυναικὸς κτερίσματα Soph. El. 433; βάλανος ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ φοίνικος, Eichel von der Palme, d. i. Dattel, Xen. An. 1, 5, 10; ἡ ἀπ' αὐτῶν τιμωρία Lycurg. 79; ὄναρ ἀπὸ Διός, ein vom Zeus herrührender, gesandter Traum, Xen. An. 3, 1, 12; πρόσοδοι οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνδήμων 7, 1. 27; ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος, Furcht, die von den Feinden ausgcht, Furcht vor den Feinden, Cyr. 3, 3, 53; κίνδυνος ἀπό τινος Plut. Aem. P. 36; ἡ ἀπὸ τούτων χάρις Mem. 2. 7, 9; φϑόνος ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν Thuc. 4, 108; wohin auch die Vrbdg τρόπαιον ἀπό τινος εἱστήκει Dem. 19. 320 zu rechnen ist; vgl. noch δικαίωσις ἀπὸ τῶν ὁμοίων Thuc. 1, 141; νίκα ἀπὸ παγκρατίου Pind. I. 3, 57; δόξα ἀπό τινος Plut. Al. 4; auch τιμᾶν τινα ἀπό τινος, Einen wegen etwas ehren, C. Graech. 4. Ebenso wo der Begriff des Ausgehens noch mehr hervortritt, so daß einzelne Fälle zu A. 1) gerechnet werden können, οἱ ἀπὸ Πελοποννήσου, = οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι, Her. 8, 79; ἧκε ἡ ἀπ' Αἰγίνης τριήρης 8, 83. Oft bei Pol. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆςχώρας, οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως, οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ στόλου. 3, 76. Dah. τὰ ἀπό τινος. das von Jem. Ausgebende, Worte, Unternehmungen, oft gleich τά τινος. z. B. ἴστον γὰρ ἤδη τἀπ' ἐμοῠ, Ar. Plut. 100; τὰ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. was ich zu thun habe, Soph. El. 1464; τὸ ἀπὸ σεῦ, deine Meinung, Her. 7, 101; ἐσκόπουν τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου. 8, 48; προχωρεῖν τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀϑηναίων 1, 127. – 3) dah. a) beim pass., die Veranlassung, mittelbare Ursache angebend, vgl. Herm. zu Soph. El. 65, und erst bei späteren, nachlässigeren Schriftstellern geradezu = ὑπό, welches die unmittelbare Ursache bezeichnet, obwohl noch an vielen Stellen die Lesart schwankt u. ὑπό oft damit von den Abschreibern verwechselt ist; εἷς ἀπὸ πολλῶν ταχϑείς Soph. Phil. 1128, Einer von vielen abgesondert, vor vielen, nicht für gen. partitiv., vgl. 643; ἀρετὴ ἐπακτός ἐστι, ἀπό τε σοφίης κατεργασμένη καὶ νόμου ἰσχυροῠ, von Seiten der Weisheit gleichsam eingeführt, Her. 7. 102. 2, 54; πρόβουλοι. ἀραιρημένοι ἀπὸ τῶν πολίων, von den Städten gewählt u. hingesandt, 7, 192; öfter τὰ ἀπό τινος γενόμενα; vgl. ἐπράχϑη ἀπ' αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Thuc. 1, 17; vgl. 6, 61. 8. 48; ἀπὸ πολέμου τινὸς διεφϑάρησαν 1, 24; ἀφ' ὧν ἐκπίπτοντες 1, 12; ἀπὸ συμφορῶν διαβάλλεσϑαι, in Folge von Unglücksfällen, 5, 17; ἄλλαι γνῶμαι ἀφ' ἑκάστων ἐλέγοντο 3, 36, von Seiten, wie ἀφ' ἁπάντων ἤκουσαν γνώμην 1. 125; παρασκευὴ προεπανεσείσϑη ἀπὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων 5, 17; δεδόσϑαι ἀπὸ πάντων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ὑμῖν Aesch. 3, 98: vgl. Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 15. 7, 15; ὠφελεῖσϑαι ἀπό τινος Xen. Cyr. 1, 1, 2, wie 5, 4, 35; βλάπτεσϑαι Aeech. 3, 98; ἀπεστάλη ἀπ' ἐκείνου Plut. Sol. 4; bei Andoc. 4. 6 hat Bekk. ἀπό in ὑπό geändert. – b) die Abhängigkeit u. Anhänglichkeit ausdrückend, bei Bezeichnung von Schulen, bes. bei Sp., wo diese Schulen einen abgeschlossenen Charakter annahmen, u. dah. allgemein das Zugehören zu einer Corporation, οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος. die Anhänger des Plato, οἱ ἀπὸ Ἀκαδημίας, ἀπὸ' Στοᾶς, Akademiker, Stoiker, Luc.; Plut. οἱ ἀπὸ σκηνῆς, Schauspieler; οἱ ἀπὸ βήματος, Redner. Plut. an seni 4; οἱ ἀπὸ σφαίρας Alex. 39; οἱ ἀπὸ βουλῆς, Senatoren, Caes. 35; οἱ ἀπὸ λόγων, Gelehrte; οἱ ἀπ' Ἀριστάρχου σῆτες ἀκανϑολόγοι, spöttisch von den Grammatikern, Philipp. 44 (XI, 347). – 4) Werkzeug u. Mittel: durch, vermittelst, ἀπὸ βιοῖο πέφνεν, mit dem Bogen tödtete er, eigtl. (mit dem Pfeil) vom Bogen aus, Il. 24, 605; 12, 306 ἔβλητο ϑοῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι. vgl. 11. 675: 8, 279 τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας; 10, 371 οὐδέ σέ φημι δηρὸν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀλύξειν ὄλεϑρον; σφενδόνας ἀπ' εὐμέτρου Aesch. Ag. 982: κυκλοτερὴς ὡς ἀπὸ τόρνου Her. 4, 36; τὸ ἀπὸ πρίονος καὶ πελέκεως γίγνεσϑαι τὰ ϑυρώματα Plut. de esu carn. 2, 1; ἀπὸ δυοῖν ὀνομάτοιν προσαγορεύεσϑαι, mit zwei Namen, Mar. 1. So bes. Tragg., πεύϑομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον, mit den Augen; durch den Augenschein, Aesch. Ag. 961; ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων Soph. O. C. 15 u. öfter; καλλίστων ἀπ' ὀμμάτων αἰσχρῶς τὰ κλεινὰ πεδί' ἀπώλεσας Eur. Tr. 768; ἀπὸ ληκυϑίου διαφϑερῶ Ar. Ran. 1200; λογίζεσϑαι ἀπὸ χειρός, an den Fingern abzählen, Vesp. 676; μηνύειν ἀπὸ τῶν βλεμμάτων καὶ τῶν λόγων ταῠτα Antiphan. Ath. II, 38 b; viele Verbindungen der Art werden adverbialisch, ἀπὸ γλώσσης Thuc. 7, 10; vgl. δίκαι οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώσσης Aesch. Ag. 813; ἀπὸ στόματος, mündlich, Plat. Theaet. 142 d; wie Philem. com. B. A. 436 durch ἀπὸ μνήμης erkl.; dafür sagt Cratin. ἀπὸ γλώσσης φράσω, μνημονεύω γὰρ καλῶς, Ib.; ἀφ' ἁγνοῠ στόματος Aesch. Eum. 283; ἀπὸχειρός Ar. Vesp. 676; ἀπὸ ψυχῆς κακῆς Aesch. Ag. 1643; ἀπὸ γνώμης, von Herzen, Eum. 671; ἀπὸ γνώμης σοφῆς Eur. Ion. 1313; ὅλας ἀπὸ κραδίας Theocr. 29, 4; ἀπ' οὐδενὸς δολερο ῦ νόου Her. 3, 135; ἀπ' εὐνοίας. mit gutem Herzen, Plut. Them. 12; ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁρμῆς Thuc. 7, 71; ἀπὸ σπουδῆς. eifrig, Il. 7, 359; Ar. Equ. 541; ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης Her. 7, 164. Aehnlich ὀξύτης σώματος ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν Plat. Legg. VIII, 832 e; ἀπὸ τῶν ὑμετέρων ὑμῖν πολεμεῖ συμμάχων Dem. 4, 34, von euren Bundesgenossen aus, d. i. vermittelst eurer Bundesgenossen; ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λόγων ἀποτρέπειν τινά Thuc. 6, 19; ἀπὸ ῥητορικῆς πεῖσαι Arist. rhet. 1, 1; vgl. ἡ ἀπὸ τῆς ῥητορικῆς πειϑώ Plat. Gorg. 453 b; ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος δύναμις Conv. 215 c. Vgl. C. 2); – ζῆν ἀπό τινος, von etwas leben, Ar. Pax 825; ἀπὸ ϑήρης Her. 4, 22. 46. 103; ἀπὸ σμικρᾶς δαπάνης Thuc. 1, 91 u. öfter; ἀφ' ὧν ψυχὴ τρέφεται Plat. Prot. 313 e. Im N. T. ἐσϑίειν ἀπό τινος. So τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ προσόδων Thuc. 1, 187; στράτευμα συνέλεξε ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν χρημάτων, mit diesem Gelde warb er ein Heer, Xen. An. 1, 1, 9 u. öfter; βίος ἦν αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ σιδηρείας 5, 5, 1; βίον ἔχειν ἀπὸ ϑαλάττης Plut. Symp. 8, 8, 2; ähnl. ἀπὸ παντὸς κερδαίνειν Mem. 2, 9, 4; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσϑαι, mit der Schönheit Erwerb treiben, Plut. Timol. 14; vgl. ὠφελεῖν, ὀνίνασϑαι u. ä.; oft ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων, z. B. ἀμύνασϑαί τινα Thuc. 6, 83; ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων, ἀπὸ τῆς παρούσης δυνάμεως Xen. Oec. 9, 15, von dem Vorhandenen aus, nach Kräften, s. unten. – Ganz adverbial, ἀπὸ τοῦ προφανοῠς, = προφανῶς, Thuc.. 2, 93; ἀπὸ τοῦαὐτομάτου Plat. Prot. 323 c. Ebenso ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐϑέος, u. Sp. ἀπὸ κράτους, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς = σπουδαίως u. dgl. – 5) Seltener bezeichnet es den Stoff, ἀπὸ κέδρου, von Cedernholz, Theocr. ep. 7, 4; ἀπὸ γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theocr. 15, 117; ἔνδυμα εἶχεν ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου Matth. 3, 4; ähnl. ὀπώρα ἀπ' ἀμπέλου Soph. Trach. 703; βοὸς ἀφ' ἁγνῆς γάλα Aesch. Pers. 606, wo mehr das Herkommen davon hervortritt. Hierher sind Vrbdgn zu rechnen, wo es das Gewicht angiebt, στέφανος ἀπὸ πεντήκοντα ταλάντων Pol. 22, 13, u. öfter, s. στέφανος u. vgl. Dem. 18, 92, im Psephisma. – 6) wegen; auf Veranlassung; wohin manche Beispiele aus 3) u. 4) gezogen werden können, ϑαυμάζειν τινὰ ἀπό τινος, Jemand wegen etwas bewundern, ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, aus eigenem Antrieb, von selbst, Thuc. 8, 6; Plat. Rep. III, 409 a u. sonst; auch wird verstärkend ἕνεκα hinzugstzt, ἀπὸ βοῆς ἕνεκα von wegen des Geschreies, bloß um zu schreien, Thuc. 8, 92. Womit – 7) die Bdtg zufol ge, nach, gemäß zusammenhängt, ἀπ' ὀρνίϑων, nach dem Vogelfluge, Aesch. Ag. 160; ἀπὸ χρήσιος, nach dem Orakel, Pind. Ol. 13, 73; ϑῆλυς ἀπὸ χροιᾶς, der Farbe nach, Theocr. 16, 49; ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως Ἑλληνικός Antiphan. Ath. XII, 544 f; ἀπό τινος καλεῖσϑαι, wonach genannt werden, Her. 7, 74; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀπό τινος Thuc. 1, 46, s. καλεῖν; κρίνειν ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων, nach den Handlungen (von diesen aus) urtheilen, Dem. 2, 27; εἰ ἀπὸ τῆς συνήϑους εὐηϑείας εἰσεληλυϑότες καϑεδεῖσϑε 25, 12; ἀπὸ σημείου ἑνός, auf ein Zeichen, Thuc. 2, 90; vgl. Xen. An 2, 5, 32 Pol. 5, 69; ἀπὸ κελεύσματος Thuc. 2, 92; ἀπὸ συμμαχίας αὐτόνομοι, nach dem Bündniß, 7, 57; ἀπὸ παραγγέλσεως Xen. An. 4, 1, 5; ἀπὸ τοῦ συγκειμένου Paus. 8, 10. Aehnl. οὐκ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ ἀπὸ τούτων γε Plat. Gorg. 477 d; ὡς ἔστιν ὁρᾶν ἀπὸ τῶν στεφάνων, wie man aus den Kränzen sieht, Luc. bis acc. 23; καταμαϑεῖν ἀπό τινος, aus etwas abnehmen, Plut. Anton. 1; ἀφ' ὧν ἔγραψε, nach seiner Schrift zu urtheilen, ib. 5. – Bei ἀπὸ κυάμου καϑιστάναι ἄρχοντα Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 9, οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ κυάμου βουλευταί Thuc. 8, 69, wie βουλὴ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῠ κυάμου, ist wohl mehr an: »vermittelst der Bohne«, durchs Loos gewählt zu denken; ἡ ἀπὸ τιμημάτων πολιτεία, die nach dem Census eingerichtete Verfassung, Plat. Rep. VIII, 550 c; vgl. ἀπὸ συμβόλων πίνειν Alexis Ath. IV, 134 c. – Unmittelbar an A 1) schleßen sich noch – 8) die Verbdgn λύειν ἀπό τινος, Hes. Th. 501; vgl. Plat. Rep. IX, 571 e; ἐλευϑεροῠν ἀπό τινος, Thuc. 2, 71; μουνωϑεῖσ' ἀπὸ πατρός, Eur. I. A. 673; – u. ἀπὸ τούτου λογιστέον, davon muß man abziehen, subtrahiren, Dem. 27, 36; wie ἀπαλείφειν ἀπὸ τοῦ, ἐγγεγραμμένου (ὀφλήματος)), 58. 50. Mit C. 4) hängt noch zusammen der bei Sp. vorkommende Ausdruck ἀπὸ γυμνῆς τῆς κεφαλῆς μάχεσϑαι, mit bloßem Haupte kämpfen; ebenso ἀπ' ὀρϑῆς τῆς κεφαλῆς, mit aufgerichtetem Haupte, ἀπὸ ψιλῆς τῆς κεραίας πλεῖν, mit nackten Spieren segeln, Lac. Tox. 19; ἀπὸ γυμνοῦ προσώπου προσλαλεῖν, Nigr. 11.

    In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet ἀπό 1) weg, ab, fort, ἀποβαίνω, ἀπάγω, ἀπολύω. – 2) das Ab-, Nachlassen, Aufhören, ἀπαλγέω. ἀπεῖπον, und – 3) Fertigmachen, Vollenden, ἀπεργάζομαι. – 4) zurück, wenn die Handlung als eine Pflicht erscheint, deren man sich entledigt, ἀποδίδωμι. – 5) ein Verwandeln in etwas. Machen zu etwas, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανϑρωπίζω. – 6) wie das α privativ. den Begriff des simplex aufhebend, ἀπόϑεος, ἀπάνϑρωπος. Zuweilen dient es nur zur Verstärkung des Verbalbegriffs. – Das ο wird von ältern Ep. vor den liquidis, vor δ u. digamma aeol., bei den Att. nur vor ρ in der Arsis lang gebraucht. Spätere brauchen lieber dann ἀπαί; – das α wird in langen Wörtern mit vielen Kürzen, wie ἀπονέεσϑαι, lang. – Ueber die Anastrophe s. Lehrs Quaestt. epp. p. 68 sqq.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἈΠΌ

  • 2 απο

         ἀπό
        ἀπ΄, перед придых. ἀφ΄, in elisione после существ. анастрофически ἄπο praep. cum gen.
        1) (при обознач. пространства) от, из, с
        

    (ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Ἀθέναζε Plat.; γᾶς ἀπ΄ Ἀσίδος ἐλθεῖν Aesch.)

        ἀ. τετταράκοντα σταδίων τῆς θαλάττης Diod. — в 40 стадиях от моря;
        ἀφ΄ ἵππων μάχεσθαι Hom. — сражаться с колесницы;
        ἀ. χθονὸς ἀΐσσειν Hom. — подниматься с земли;
        ἀ. τινος γενέσθαι Her. — освободиться от чего-л., окончить что-л.;
        ἀπ΄ αἰῶνος ὀλέσθαι Hom. — расстаться с жизнью, умереть;
        μένειν ἀ. τινος Hom. — быть вдали от кого-л.;
        ἅψασθαί τι ἀ. τινος Hom. — привязать что-л. к чему-л.;
        ἀ. τραπεζῶν δειπνεῖν Plat. — обедать за столами

        2) (при обознач. времени) после, вслед за
        

    (ἀ. τούτου Her., Plut.)

        ἀ. δείπνου Her. — после обеда;
        εὐθὺς ἀ. τινος Plut. — тотчас же после чего-л.;
        ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Arph. — пополуночи;
        ὅ ἀ. τῆς στρατηγίας Plut. — бывший полководец

        3) со времени, (начиная) с, с тех пор как
        

    (ἀπ΄ ἀρχῆς Aesch.; ἀφ΄ ἑσπέρας Xen.)

        ἀ. παίδων Xen. — с детства;
        ἀφ΄ οὗ Thuc. — с тех пор как;
        ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου Thuc. — с древнейших времен

        4) вопреки, наперекор
        

    (ἀ. δόξης Hom.; ἀπ΄ ἐλπίδος Aesch.; ἀ. ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Thuc.)

        ἀ. θυμοῦ εἶναί τινι Hom. — быть не по сердцу, быть не по душе, быть ненавистным кому-л.

        5) без
        

    (ἀ. ῥυτῆρος σπεύδειν Soph.)

        ἀπ΄ ἀκάνθης ῥόδον Anth. — роза без шипов;
        οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης Soph. — не без разумных оснований

        6) мимо, вне
        

    οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ΄ ἀ. δόξης μυθεῖσθαι Hom. — говорить дело;

        οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος εἶναι Dem. — не отклоняться от вопроса

        7) ( при указании на средство или образ действия) посредством, путем, по
        

    ἐμῆς ἀ. χειρός Hom. — моей рукой;

        πεφνεῖν ἀ. βιοῖο Hom. — убить из лука;
        τὰ πραχθέντα ἀ. τινος Thuc. — совершенное кем-л.;
        ἀ. σπουδῆς Hom. — всерьез, ревностно, усердно;
        ἀ. τοῦ ἴσου и ἀ. (τῆς) ἴσης Thuc., Dem. — равным образом, одинаково;
        ἀ. γλώσσης Her., Thuc. и ἀ. στόματος Plat. — на словах, устно, по памяти;
        ἀ. τινος ζώειν Her. или βίον ἔχειν Plut. — жить (питаться) чем-л.;
        κρίνειν ἀ. τινος Dem. — судить на основании чего-л.;
        ἐπιγνῶναί τινα ἀ. τινος Polyb. — узнать кого-л. по чему-л.;
        ἀ. κυάμου Xen. — путем голосования;
        λογίζεσθαι ἀ. χειρός Arph. — считать по пальцам;
        ἀ. μιᾶς ὁρμῆς Thuc. — в едином порыве, единодушно;
        ἀ. τινος δειπνῆσαι Arph. — пообедать на чей-л. счет

        8) (при указании на материал, тему) из, о
        

    (ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένος Her.; εἴδατα ἀ. μέλιτος Theocr.; ἀ. τινος συγκεκραμένος καὴ ἀ. τινος Plat.)

        τὰ ἐβούλοντο πυθέσθαι ἀ. τινος Her. — то, что они хотели узнать о чем-л.;
        νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τινος Arph. — закон, установленный относительно чего-л.

        9) (при указании на происхождение, причину, связь; в переводе обычно опускается)
        

    οἱ ἀπ΄ Οἰδίπου Soph. — дети (потомки) Эдипа;

        τρίτος ἀ. τινος Plat. чей-л. — потомок в третьем поколении:
        οἱ ἀ. Πελοποννήσου ξύμμαχοι Thuc. — пелопоннесские союзники;
        οἱ ἀ. τῆς πόλεως Polyb. — горожане;
        οἱ ἀ. τοῦ Πυθαγόρου Luc. — пифагорейцы;
        οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς Plut. — актеры;
        οἱ ἀ. βήματος Plut. — ораторы;
        οἱ ἀ. βουλῆς Plut. ( в Риме) — сенаторы;
        οἱ ἀ. τῆς σκέψεως Sext. — скептики;
        ὅ ἀ. τινος φόβος Xen. — внушаемый кем-л. страх;
        τἀπ΄ ἐμοῦ Soph. — зависящее от меня;
        τὸ ἀ. σεῦ Her. — твое мнение;
        ἀ. τινος θαυμάζεσθαι Thuc. — вызывать удивление чем-л.;
        οἱ ἀ. γένους Plut. — знатные родом, но тж. члены рода;
        καλεῖσθαι Her. или ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Thuc. — называться по чему-л.;
        ἀ. δικαιοσύνης Her. — из чувства справедливости;
        ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου Plat. — самопроизвольно;
        ἀ. τῆς παρούσης δυνάμεως Xen. — в меру наличной возможности;
        τιμᾶν τινα ἀ. τινος Plut. — чтить кого-л. ради кого-л.;
        10) (при указании на колич. выделение) из
        

    (εἷς ἀ. πολλῶν Soph.)

        11) ценою или весом в
        

    (ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα Dem.; ἀ. μυρίων χρυσῶν Polyb.)

    Древнегреческо-русский словарь > απο

  • 3 ἐπωνυμία

    ἐπωνῠμ-ία, [dialect] Ion. -ιη, ἡ, (ἐπώνυμος)
    A derived or significant name, as Ἔπαφος, A.Supp.45 (lyr.); Πολυνείκης, Id.Th. 829 (lyr.); ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό or ἐπί τινος, Hdt.2.42, 1.94 ;

    ὅθεν ἔθεντο τὰς ἐ. Id.4.45

     ; ἔχειν ἐ. ἐπί τινος ibid.;

    καλεῖσθαι ἐ. ἐπί τινος Id.1.14

     ;

    κατὰ τὴν ἐ. τινὸς κληθῆναι Id.1.173

     ; ἐ. ἔχειν or σχεῖν τινός, Id.4.15, Pl.Criti. 114a ; ἐ. ἀπό τινος ἔχειν, ἐγκαταλιπεῖν, λαβεῖν, Hdt.7.121, Th.2.102, Pl.Phdr. 238c ; τῆς θεοῦ ἐπωνυμίας ἄξιος the name derived from her, Id.Lg. 626d ; τὴν τῇδε ἐ. αὐτοῦ its namesake here, Id.Phdr. 250e ;

    ἐ. ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν παρέχεσθαι Th.1.3

     ; but ἐ. σχεῖν χώρας to have the naming of it, i.e. have it named after one, ib.9 ;

    ἐ. τινὶ Μαργίτην τίθεσθαι

     as a nickname,

    Aeschin.3.160

     ;

    προσείληφε τὴν ἐ...συκοφάντης Id.2.99

     ;

    ἔχουσα τὴν ἐ. τὴν τοῦ ὃ ἔστιν Pl.Phd. 92d

     : folld. by inf., ἐ. ἔχει σμικρός τε καὶ μέγας εἶναι he has the name of being, ib. 102c ;

    ἀποβαιεῖν τὴν ἐ. τὸ.. καλὸς κἀγαθὸς κεκλῆσθαι X.Oec.12.2

     ;

    ἐ. ἔχοντος Θασίου εἶναι Hdt.2.44

     : acc. as Adv., Ὀλυμπίῳ ἐπωνυμίην θύειν by surname, ibid.;

    ἀπὸ τῆς κυψέλης ἐ. Κύψελος οὔνομα ἐτέθη Id.5.92

    .έ.
    2 generally, name, title,

    θεῶν -ίαι Id.2.4

    , cf. Pl.R. 394a, PHal.1.251 (iii B.C.), etc.;

    συγγραμμάτων Sor.Vit.Hippocr.13

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπωνυμία

  • 4 καλέω

    καλέω impf. ἐκάλουν; fut. καλέσω (LXX; JosAs 17:5; 20:6; Jos., Ant. 11, 266.—W-S. §13, 5; B-D-F §74, 1; Mlt-H. 242); 1 aor. ἐκάλεσα; pf. κέκληκα. Mid.: fut. 3 sg. καλέσεται (Just., D. 43, 5). Pass. 1 fut. κληθῆσομαι (W-S. §15); 2 fut. 3 sg. κεκλήσεται Lev 13:45; Hos 12:1; 1 aor. ἐκλήθην; pf. κέκλημαι (Hom.+).
    ① to identify by name or attribute, call, call by name, name
    ⓐ call (to someone) abs., with naming implied (opp. ὑπακούειν; cp. PHamb 29, 3 [89 A.D.] κληθέντων τινῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπακουσάντων; Just., D. 136, 2 οὔτε καλοῦντος αὐτοῦ ἀνέχεσθε οὔτε λαλοῦντος ἀκούετε) of God ἐκάλουν καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσατε 1 Cl 57:4 (Pr 1:24); w. obj. τὰ ἴδια πρόβατα καλεῖ κατʼ ὄνομα J 10:3 v.l.
    ⓑ call, address as, designate as w. double acc. (Just., D. 3, 5 θεὸν σὺ τί καλεῖς; Hippol., Ref. 6, 20, 1) αὐτὸν καλῶμεν κύριον 2 Cl 4:1; cp. Mt 22:43, 45; 23:9 (here the sense supplies the second acc.: you are to call no one your father); Lk 20:44; Ac 14:12; Ro 9:25; Hb 2:11; 1 Pt 1:17 P72; 3:6. A voc. can take the place of the second acc. τί με καλεῖτε κύριε, κύριε; Lk 6:46. Pass. καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ῥαββί Mt 23:7. ὑμεῖς μὴ κληθῆτε ῥαββί you are not to have people call you ‘rabbi’ vs. 8; vs. 10. Cp. Lk 22:25; Js 2:23. ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17 (both Is 56:7). κληθήσονται υἱοὶ θεοῦ Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).
    ⓒ name, provide with a name w. double acc. (Iren. 1, 1, 1 [Harv. I 8, 3]) ἐκάλουν αὐτὸ … Ζαχαρίαν they were for naming him Z. Lk 1:59 (on ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τ. πατρός after his father[’s name] cp. 1 Esdr 5:38; Sir 36:11 and s. Hs 9, 17, 4).—Pass. be given a name, be named (Jos., Ant. 1, 34) κληθήσεται Ἰωάννης his name is to be John Lk 1:60; cp. vs. 62. σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς J 1:42. Also of localities Mt 27:8; Ac 1:19; ApcPt Rainer (s. Ἀχερουσία).—Have as a name, be called (Lucian, Jud. Voc. 7 Λυσίμαχος ἐκαλεῖτο; Just., D. 1, 3 Τρύφων…καλοῦμαι; 63, 5 Χριστιανοὶ … καλούμεθα) ὸ̔ς καλεῖται τ. ὀνόματι τούτῳ who bears this name Lk 1:61. Also of localities (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 70 §289; 3, 91 §374; SIG 599, 5 τὸ φρούριον ὸ̔ καλεῖται Κάριον; Just., A I, 59, 6 τὸ καλούμενον Ἔρεβος) πόλις Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ Lk 2:4. Cp. Ac 28:1; Rv 11:8.—Lk, Ac, Rv, GPt add to a pers. or thing the name or surname which he, she, or it bears, by means of the pres. pass. ptc. (cp. SIG 685, 39 νῆσον τὴν καλουμένην Λεύκην; 826e 22; 1063, 5; PPetr II, 45 II, 20; BGU 1000, 6; PCairGoodsp 9, 4; O. Wilck II, 1210, 4). The name: ἀδελφὴ καλουμένη Μαριάμ a sister named Mary Lk 10:39 (PCairMasp 23, 16 τ. ἀδελφὴν καλουμένην Πρόκλαν; TestJob 48:1 ἡ καλουμένη Ἡμέρα). Cp. 19:2; Ac 7:58; Rv 19:11, also 12:9. πόλις καλουμένη Ν. Lk 7:11; cp. 9:10; 19:29; 21:37; 23:33; Ac 1:12; 3:11; 8:10; 9:11; 10:1; 27:8, 14, 16; Rv 1:9; 16:16; GPt 6:24. The surname (2 Macc 10:12 Πτολεμαῖος ὁ καλούμενος Μάκρων; 1 Macc 3:1; Jos., Ant. 13, 367; TestJob 1:1 Ιωβ τοῦ καλουμένου Ιωβαβ): Σίμων ὁ κ. ζηλωτής Simon the Zealot Lk 6:15. Cp. 1:36; 8:2; 22:3 (s. ἐπικαλέω 2); Ac 1:23; 13:1; 15:22 (s. ἐπικαλέω), 37.—The example of the OT (Gen 17:19; 1 Km 1:20; Hos 1:9; 1 Macc 6:17) has influenced the expr. καλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος, w. the name added in the acc. καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν Mt 1:21; GJs 11:3; 14:2. Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14), 25; Lk 1:13, 31. Pass. Lk 2:21; Rv 19:13.
    ⓓ Very oft. the emphasis is to be placed less on the fact that names are such and such, than on the fact that the bearers of the name actually are what the name says about them. The pass. be named thus approaches closely the mng. to be, and it must be left to the sensitivity of the interpreter whether this transl. is to be attempted in any individual case (Quint. Smyrn. 14, 434 οὔτʼ ἔτι σεῖο κεκλήσομαι=I do not wish any longer to be yours, i.e. your daughter). Among such pass. are these: Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται he is to be a Nazarene Mt 2:23. υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται 5:9; cp. vs. 19ab. υἱὸς ὑψίστου κληθήσεται (in parallelism w. ἔσται μέγας) Lk 1:32; so GJs 11:3, but without the ref. to greatness; cp. Lk 1:35, 76; 2:23. οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 15:19, 21. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος 1 Cor 15:9. ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καί ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are 1J 3:1 (sim. Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε; cp. Just., D. 123, 9; καλεῖσθαι beside εἶναι as Plut., Demetr. 900 [25, 6]). οἱ κεκλημένοι ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου those who are identified by the Lord’s name i.e. as Christians Hs 8, 1, 1. ἄχρις οὗ τὸ σήμερον καλεῖται as long as it is called ‘today’, as long as ‘today’ lasts Hb 3:13 (WLorimer, NTS 12, ’66, 390f, quoting Pla., Phd. 107c).—Here we may also class ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα in (through) Isaac you are to have your descendants Ro 9:7 and Hb 11:18 (Gen 21:12).
    ② to request the presence of someone at a social gathering, invite (Hom. et al.; pap; 2 Km 13:23; Esth 5:12; ISardRobert 1, ’64, p. 9, lines 1–4) τινά someone εἰς (τοὺς) γάμους to the wedding (Diod S 4, 70, 3; POxy 1487, 1 καλεῖ σε Θέων εἰς τοὺς γάμους) Mt 22:9; Lk 14:8, cp. vs. 10 (Syn. ἐρωτάω; s. three texts, invitations to the κλινή of Sarapis [ZPE 1, ’67, 121–26], two w. ἐ. and one w. καλέω New Docs 1, 5–9; on Luke’s compositional use of the meal context, s. XdeMeeûs, ETL 37, ’61, 847–70; cp. J 2:2; Rv 19:9. Abs. invite τινά someone 1 Cor 10:27 (Diog. L. 7, 184 of Chrysippus: ἐπὶ θυσίαν [sacrificial meal] ὑπὸ τῶν μαθητῶν κληθῆναι); priests to a child’s birthday GJs 6:2. Cp. Lk 7:39; 14:9, 12f, 16. οἱ κεκλημένοι the invited guests (Damox. Com. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 2, 26 K. in Athen. 3, 59, 102c τ. κεκλημένον; Jos., Ant. 6, 48; 52); Mt 22:3b (οἱ κεκλημένοι εἰς τ. γάμους as Diphilus Com. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 17, 1), 4, 8; Lk 14:7, 17; cp. vs. 24. ὁ κεκληκώς, the host 14:10 (s. above).—If αὐτοῦ Mk 2:15 refers to Jesus’ home, κ. in vs. 17 registers the double sense of an invitation to dinner and receipt of Messianic benefits, w. Jesus as host (s. AMcNeile, Mt ’57, 118); difft. Lk 5:27–32, s. 4 below. Of a follow-up invitation to guests upon completion of banquet preparations Mt 22:3a (cp. 3b below).
    ③ to use authority to have a person or group appear, summon
    ⓐ call together τινάς people: Workers to be paid Mt 20:8. Slaves to receive orders 25:14; Lk 19:13. Shepherds GJs 4:3. τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν Ἑβραίων for Mary’s diversion 6:1; 7:2. τὰς παρθένους Ox 404 recto, 21 (Hs 113, 5); GJs 10:1. Guests Mt 22:3a (s. 2 end).
    ⓑ summon τινά someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 82 §347; 4, 86 §362; 1 Macc 1:6) ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς αὐτὸν καλοῦντες αὐτόν they sent to him to summon him Mk 3:31. Cp. Mt 2:7; 22:3a. Of Joseph ἐκάλεσεν αὐτήν GJs 13:2 (for the context cp. Mt 1:18f). Of God: the Israelites fr. Egypt (as a type of Christ) Mt 2:15.— Call upon (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10; 4 Macc 3:19) Hb 11:8.
    ⓒ a legal t.t. call in, summon before a court (oft. pap) τινά someone (Jos., Ant. 14, 169) Ac 4:18; 24:2.—The transition to mng. 4 is well illustrated by Mt 4:21; Mk 1:20; Papias (8), where the summons is also a call to discipleship.
    ④ From the mngs. ‘summon’ and ‘invite’ there develops the extended sense choose for receipt of a special benefit or experience, call (Paus. 10, 32, 13 οὓς ἂν ἡ ῏Ισις καλέσῃ διʼ ἐνυπνίων; Ael. Aristid. 30, 9 K.=10 p. 116 D.: ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κληθείς) καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ Hb 5:4. τινὰ εἴς τι someone to someth., in the usage of the NT, as well as that of the LXX, of the choice of pers. for salvation: God (much more rarely Christ) calls εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν 1 Th 2:12; εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν 1 Pt 5:10. εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 Ti 6:12. εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ to fellowship with his son 1 Cor 1:9. ἐκ σκότους εἰς τὸ αὐτοῦ φῶς from darkness to his light 1 Pt 2:9. ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς 1 Cl 59:2. διὰ τ. χάριτος αὐτοῦ Gal 1:15. for this God called you through our proclamation, namely to obtain the glory 2 Th 2:14; cp. 1 Th 2:12. καλέσαντι … εἰς τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρους τῶν ἁγίων Col 1:12 v.l. (for ἱκανώσαντι). Without further modification Ro 8:30; 9:24; 1 Cor 7:17f, 20–22, 24; Eph 1:11 v.l.; 2 Cl 9:5; 10:1.—κ. κλήσει ἁγίᾳ call with a holy calling 2 Ti 1:9. ἀξίως τῆς κλήσεως ἧς (attraction, instead of ἣν) ἐκλήθητε worthily of the calling by which you were called Eph 4:1 (on the constr. s. W-S. §24, 4b; Rob. 478). Of God: ὁ καλῶν τινά Gal 5:8; 1 Th 5:24. Abs. ὁ καλῶν Ro 9:12. ὁ καλέσας τινά Gal 1:6; 1 Pt 1:15; 2 Pt 1:3. Likew. of Christ ὁ καλέσας τινά 2 Cl 5:1 (Just., A I, 15, 7). Pass. οἱ κεκλημένοι those who are called Hb 9:15. κεκλημένοι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διʼ αὐτοῦ (=Ἰ. Χρ.) 1 Cl 65:2. οἱ κεκλημένοι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ (=υἱοῦ τ. θεοῦ) Hs 9, 14, 5. οἱ κληθέντες Hm 4, 3, 4. S. also 1d.—More closely defined: ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ B 14:7 (Is 42:6). ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ (s. ἐλευθερία) Gal 5:13. οὐκ ἐπὶ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ ἀλλʼ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ not for impurity, but in consecration 1 Th 4:7. ἐν εἰρήνῃ in peace 1 Cor 7:15. ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν you were called in the one hope that you share in your call Eph 4:4. ἡμεῖς διὰ θελήματος αὐτου (=θεοῦ) ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ κληθέντες 1 Cl 32:4. εἰς εἰρήνην τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐνὶ σώματι Col 3:15. ἐν τῇ σαρκί 2 Cl 9:4. ἐν Ἰσαάκ Hb 11:18 (=Ro 9:7). πόθεν ἐκλήθημεν καὶ ὑπὸ τίνος καὶ εἰς ὸ̔ν τόπον 2 Cl 1:2. εἰς τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, that 1 Pt 3:9; cp. 2:21. Of Christ: οὐκ ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς (+ εἰς μετάνοιαν v.l.) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17 (on a prob. double sense in this pass. s. 2); 2 Cl 2:4; cp. vs. 7 (cp. Just., A I, 40, 7 εἰς μετάνοιαν καλεῖ πάντας ὁ θεός); Lk 5:32 (ἐλήλυθα … εἰς μετάνοιαν). Of God: ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς οὐκ ὄντας he called us when we did not exist 2 Cl 1:8. ὁ καλῶν τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα the one who calls into being what does not exist Ro 4:17 (Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 187 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ἐκάλεσεν εἰς τὸ εἶναι; cp. Is 41:4; 48:13).—Of the call to an office by God Hb 5:4.—JHempel, Berufung u. Bekehrung (also GBeer Festschr.) ’35; HWildberger, Jahwes Eigentumsvolk ’60.—B. 1276. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καλέω

  • 5 ὄνομα

    ὄνομα, ατος, τό (Hom.+).
    ① proper name of an entity, name
    ⓐ gener. τῶν ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματα ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2; cp. Rv 21:14. τῶν παρθένων τὰ ὀν. Hs 9, 15, 1. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρός Lk 1:59. ὄν. μοι, sc. ἐστίν, my name is (Od. 9, 366) Mk 5:9b. τί ὄν. σοι; what is your name? vs. 9a; w. copula Lk 8:30.—The expressions ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν., οὗ τὸ ὄν., καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (αὐτῆς), ὄν. αὐτῷ (parenthetic) are almost always without the copula (B-D-F §128, 3; Rob. 395): ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν. (Sb 7573, 13 [116 A.D.]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.; Just., A I, 53, 8 ᾧ ὄν. Λώτ) Lk 1:26, 27a; 2:25; 8:41; 24:13, 18 v.l.; Ac 13:6.—οὗ τὸ ὄν. (without a verb as BGU 344, 1) Mk 14:32. Cp. ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς Phil 4:3 (ὧν τὰ ὀν. is a formula [Dssm., LO 95=LAE 121]. S. esp. BGU 432 II, 3 ὧν τὰ ὀν. τῷ βιβλιδίῳ δεδήλωται).—καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτῆς Lk 1:5b. καὶ τὸ ὄν. τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ vs. 27b.—ὄν. αὐτῷ (Demosth. 32, 11 Ἀριστοφῶν ὄνομʼ αὐτῷ; Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4; Aelian, NA 8, 2 γυνὴ … Ἡρακληὶς ὄν. αὐτῇ; LXX) J 1:6; 3:1. ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ (i.e. τοῦ ἵππου), ὄν. αὐτῷ (ὁ) θάνατος Rv 6:8; cp. 9:11a.—W. the copula ἦν δὲ ὄν. τῷ δούλῳ Μάλχος J 18:10 (POxy 465, 12 ὁ δὲ κραταιὸς αὐτοῦ, ὄν. αὐτῷ ἐστιν Νεβύ, μηνύει; Jos., Ant. 19, 332). ἄγγελος …, οὗ τὸ ὄν. ἐστιν Θεγρί Hv 4, 2, 4.—The dat. is quite freq. ὀνόματι named, by name (X., Hell. 1, 6, 29 Σάμιος ὀνόματι Ἱππεύς; Tob 6:11 BA; 4 Macc 5:4; Just., D. 85, 6; 115, 3; B-D-F §160; 197; Rob. 487) ἄνθρωπον ὀν. Σίμωνα Mt 27:32; cp. Mk 5:22; Lk 1:5a; 5:27; 10:38; 16:20; 23:50; 24:18; Ac 5:1, 34; 8:9; 9:10–12, 33, 36; 10:1; 11:28; 12:13; 16:1, 14; 17:34; 18:2, 7, 24; 19:24; 20:9; 21:10; 27:1; 28:7; MPol 4. Also the acc. τοὔνομα (on the crasis s. B-D-F §18; Mlt-H. 63; FPreisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Mus. zu Kairo [1911] 2, 6 γυνὴ Ταμοῦνις τοὔνομα; Diod S 2, 45, 4 πόλιν τοὔνομα Θ.; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 3; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 68; Jos., Ant. 7, 344, Vi. 382) named, by name (the acc. as X. et al., also 2 Macc 12:13; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac. υἱὸν ὄ. Δάν.—B-D-F §160; Rob. 487) Mt 27:57. (Cp. ὄν. gener. as ‘mode of expression’ εἰ καὶ διάφορα ὀνόματα ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ … οἰκείαν … δέχεται τὴν νόησιν although there are various ways of expressing it, it nevertheless has a definite sense Did., Gen. 86, 22 [of various metaphors and images for the soul].)
    ⓑ used w. verbs
    α. as their obj.: ὄν. ἔχειν Did., Gen. 29, 6 bear the name or as name, be named ὄν. ἔχει Ἀπολλύων Rv 9:11b (in this case the name Ἀ. stands independently in the nom.; B-D-F §143; Rob. 458). καλεῖν τὸ ὄν. τινος w. the name foll. in the acc. (after the Hb.; B-D-F §157, 2; Rob. 459) καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν you are to name him Jesus Mt 1:21; Lk 1:31.—Mt 1:25. καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην Lk 1:13. καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). διδόναι GJs 6:2. Pass. w. the name in the nom. (cp. GrBar 6:10 Φοῖνιξ καλεῖται τὸ ὄν. μου) ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 19:13. Also τὸ ὄν. τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται ὁ ῎ Αψινθος Rv 8:11.—ἐπιθεῖναι ὄν. τινι w. acc. of the name Mk 3:16f; cp. 12:8f; κληρονομεῖν ὄν. receive a name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2. κληροῦσθαι τὸ αὐτὸ ὄν. obtain the same name (s. κληρόω 2) MPol 6:2.—τὰ ὀν. ὑμῶν ἐγγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς Lk 10:20.—Rv 13:8; 17:8. ἐξαλείψω τὸ ὄν. αὐτῶν 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14); Rv 3:5a (perh. to be placed in 4 below); s. ἐξαλείφω.
    β. in another way (εἰ δέ τις ὀνόματι καλέσει but if anyone is so named Hippol., Ref. 6, 20, 2): ὸ̔ς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ who is so named Lk 1:61. ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι καλούμενος Ζακχαῖος a man whose name was Zacchaeus 19:2. καλεῖν τι (i.e. παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί τινος name someone after someone 1:59. Cp. IMg 10:1. This leads to
    ⓒ used w. prepositions: ἐξ ὀνόματος (Ctesias, Ind. p. 105 M.: Diod S 13, 15, 1; 37, 15, 2; Appian, Mithrid. 59, §243, Bell. Civ. 3, 21 §77; 4, 73 §310; PGM 4, 2973; Jos., Ant. 2, 275) by name, individually, one by one (so that no one is lost in the crowd) ἐξ ὀν. πάντας ζήτει IPol 4:2. ἀσπάζομαι πάντας ἐξ ὀνόματος 8:2. πάντες ἐξ ὀν. συνέρχεσθε (parallel to κατʼ ἄνδρα) IEph 20:2.—κατʼ ὄν. by name, individually (Diod S 16, 44, 2; Gen 25:13; EpArist 247; Jos., Bell. 7, 14) J 10:3 (New Docs 3, 77f; animals called individually by name: Ps.-Aristot., Mirabil. 118.—HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 74). Esp. in greetings (BGU 27, 18 [II A.D.] ἀσπάζομαι πάντας τοὺς φιλοῦντάς σε κατʼ ὄν.; POxy 1070, 46; pap in Dssm., LO 160/1, ln. 14f [LAE 193, ln. 15, note 21]; New Docs 3, 77f) 3J 15; ISm 13:2b. ῥάβδους ἐπιγεγραμμένας ἑκάστης φυλῆς κατʼ ὄν. staffs, each one inscribed with the name of a tribe 1 Cl 43:2b.
    ⓓ used in combination with God and Jesus. On the significance of the Divine Name in history of religions s. FGiesebrecht, Die atl. Schätzung des Gottesnamens 1901; Bousset, Rel.3 309ff; ADieterich, Eine Mithrasliturgie 1903, 110ff; FConybeare, JQR 8, 1896; 9, 1897, esp. 9, 581ff; JBoehmer, Das bibl. ‘im Namen’ 1898, BFCT V 6, 1901, 49ff, Studierstube 2, 1904, 324ff; 388ff; 452ff; 516ff; 580ff; BJacob, Im Namen Gottes 1903;WHeitmüller, ‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903; WBrandt, TT 25, 1891, 565ff; 26, 1892, 193ff; 38, 1904, 355ff; RHirzel, Der Name: ASG 36, 2, 1918; Schürer III4 409–11; HObbink, De magische betekenis van den naam inzonderheid in het oude Egypte 1925; OGrether, Name u. Wort Gottes im AT ’34; HHuffman, Name: 1148–52.—The belief in the efficacy of the name is extremely old; its origin goes back to the most ancient times and the most primitive forms of intellectual and religious life. It has exhibited an extraordinary vitality. The period of our lit. also sees—within as well as without the new community of believers—in the name someth. real, a piece of the very nature of the personality whom it designates, expressing the person’s qualities and powers. Accordingly, names, esp. holy names, are revered and used in customary practices and ritual (σέβεσθαι θεῶν ὀνόματα Theoph. Ant., 1, 9 [p. 76, 7]), including magic. In Israelite tradition the greatest reverence was paid to the holy name of God and to its numerous paraphrases or substitutes; the names of angels and patriarchs occupied a secondary place. The syncretistic practices of the period revered the names of gods, daemons, and heroes, or even magic words that made no sense at all, but had a mysterious sound. The Judeo-Christians revere and use the name of God and, of course, the name of Jesus. On magic in Jewish circles, s. Schürer III 342–79; for the NT period in general s. MSmith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark ’73, 195–230.—The names of God and Jesus
    α. in combination w. attributes: διαφορώτερον ὄν. a more excellent name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2 (διάφορος 2). ἅγιον τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Lk 1:49 (cp. Ps 110:9; Lev 18:21; 22:2; PGM 3, 570; 627; 4, 1005; 3071; 5, 77; 13, 561 μέγα κ. ἅγιον). τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 64; τὸ μέγα καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hv 4, 1, 3; 4, 2, 4 (on ἔνδοξον ὄν., cp. EPeterson, Εἷ θεός 1926, 282.—ὄν. μέγα κ. ἅγ. κ. ἔνδ.: PGM 13, 183f; 504f). τὸ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hs 9, 18, 5; τὸ πανάγιον καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. 1 Cl 58:1a; τοῦ παντοκράτορος καὶ ἐνδόξου ὄν. Hv 3, 3, 5; τὸ πανάρετον ὄν. 1 Cl 45:7; τῷ παντοκράτορι καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι 60:4; τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. 58:1b. τὸ ὄν. μου θαυμαστὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι D 14:3 (cp. Mal 1:14). The words ὄν. θεοπρεπέστατον IMg 1:2 are difficult to interpret (s. Hdb. ad loc.; θεοπρεπής b).
    β. in combination w. verbs: ἁγιάζειν τὸ ὄν. Mt 6:9 (AFridrichsen, Helligt vorde dit naun: DTT 8, 1917, 1–16). Lk 11:2; D 8:2 (ἁγιάζω 3). βλασφημεῖν (q.v. bγ) τὸ ὄν. Rv 13:6; 16:9; pass. βλασφημεῖται τὸ ὄν. (Is 52:5) Ro 2:24; 2 Cl 13:1f, 4; ITr 8:2. βλασφημίας ἐπιφέρεσθαι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου bring blasphemy upon the name of the Lord 1 Cl 47:7. πφοσέθηκαν κατὰ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου βλασφημίαν Hs 6, 2, 3; βεβηλοῦν τὸ ὄν. 8, 6, 2 (s. βεβηλόω). ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄν. τ. ἀδελφοῖς μου Hb 2:12 (cp. Ps 21:23). ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄν. μου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ Ro 9:17 (Ex 9:16). δοξάζειν τὸ ὄν. (σου, τοῦ κυρίου, τοῦ θεοῦ etc.) Rv 15:4; 1 Cl 43:6; IPhld 10:1; Hv 2, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 3; Hs 9, 18, 5 (s. δοξάζω 1; cp. GJs 7:2; 12:1[w. ref. to name of Mary]). ὅπως ἐνδοξασθῇ τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ 2 Th 1:12. ἐλπίζειν τῷ ὀν. Mt 12:21 (vv.ll. ἐν or ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.; the pass. on which it is based, Is 42:4, has ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.). ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου (as PsSol 6:1) or αὐτοῦ, σου etc. (w. ref. to God or Christ) call on the name of the Lord Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 9:14, 21; 22:16; Ro 10:13 (Jo 3:5); 1 Cor 1:2. ψυχὴ ἐπικεκλημένη τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ a person who calls upon his exalted and holy name 1 Cl 64.—Pass. πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄν. μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12). τὸ καλὸν ὄν. τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (on καλὸν ὄν. cp. Sb 343, 9 and the Pompeian graffito in Dssm., LO 237 [LAE 276]). πάντες οἱ ἐπικαλούμενοι τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ all those who are called by (the Lord’s) name Hs 9, 14, 3; cp. οἱ κεκλημένοι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου those who are called by the name of the Lord 8, 1, 1. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐπʼ αὐτούς be ashamed of the name that is named over them 8, 6, 4. ὁμολογεῖν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ praise his name Hb 13:15 (cp. PsSol 15:2 ἐξομολογήσασθαι τῷ ὀνόματι σου). ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 2 Ti 2:19 (Is 26:13). ψάλλειν τῷ ὀν. σου Ro 15:9 (Ps 17:50). οὐ μὴ λάβῃς ἐπὶ ματαίῳ τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 19:5 (Ex 20:7; Dt 5:11).—Although in the preceding examples the name is oft. practically inseparable fr. the being that bears it, this is perh. even more true of the foll. cases, in which the name appears almost as the representation of the Godhead, as a tangible manifestation of the divine nature (Quint. Smyrn. 9, 465 Polidarius, when healing, calls on οὔνομα πατρὸς ἑοῖο ‘the name of his father’ [Asclepius]; τοσοῦτον … δύναται τὸ ὄ. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κατὰ τῶν δαιμόνων Orig., C. Cels. 1, 56, 11; Dt 18:7; 3 Km 8:16; Ps 68:37; Zech 13:2 ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰ ὀν. τῶν εἰδώλων; Zeph 1:4; PsSol 7:6; Just., D. 121, 3 ὑποτάσσεσθαι αὐτοῦ ὀν.): the ‘name’ of God is ἀρχέγονον πάσης κτίσεως 1 Cl 59:3. Sim. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ μέγα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸν κόσμον ὅλον βαστάζει Hs 9, 14, 5. λατρεύειν τῷ παναρέτῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ worship the most excellent name (of the Most High) 1 Cl 45:7. ὑπακούειν τῷ παναγίῳ καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ be obedient to his most holy and glorious name 58:1a. ὑπήκοον γενέσθαι τῷ παντοκρατορικῷ καὶ παναρέτῳ ὀν. 60:4. κηρύσσειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 16, 5. ἐπιγινώσκειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ 9, 16, 7. φοβεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. σου Rv 11:18. φανεροῦν τινι τὸ ὄν. σου J 17:6. γνωρίζειν τινὶ τὸ ὄν. σου vs. 26. πιστεύειν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ believe in the name of (God’s) son 1J 3:23. Also πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. (s. γב below and s. πιστεύω 2aβ).—Of the name borne by followers of Jesus Christ (cp. Theoph. Ant. 1, 1 [p. 58, 13]): κρατεῖς τὸ ὄν. μου you cling to my name Rv 2:13. The same mng. also holds for the expressions: λαμβάνειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 12, 4; 8; 9, 13, 2a; 7. τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄν. μου ἐνώπιον ἐθνῶν to bear my name before (the) Gentiles Ac 9:15. τὸ ὄν. ἡδέως βαστάζειν bear the name gladly Hs 8, 10, 3; cp. 9, 28, 5b. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ φορεῖν 9, 13, 3; 9, 14, 5f; 9, 15, 2; cp. 9, 13, 2b. Christians receive this name at their baptism: πρὶν φορέσαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ νεκρός ἐστιν before a person bears the name of God’s Son (which is given the candidate at baptism), he is dead 9, 16, 3. Of dissemblers and false teachers ὄν. μὲν ἔχουσιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς πίστεως κενοί εἰσιν they have the (Christian) name, but are devoid of faith 9, 19, 2. Of Christians in appearance only ἐν ὑποκρίσει φέροντες τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου who bear the Lord’s name in pretense Pol 6:3. δόλῳ πονηρῷ τὸ ὄν. περιφέρειν carry the name about in wicked deceit (evidently of wandering preachers) IEph 7:1. τὸ ὄν. ἐπαισχύνονται τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν they are ashamed of their Lord’s name Hs 9, 21, 3. More fully: ἐπαισχύνονται τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ φορεῖν 9, 14, 6.
    γ. used w. prepositions
    א. w. διά and the gen. διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου πιστεύειν PtK 3 p. 15 ln. 12; σωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ἐνδόξου ὀν. be saved through the great and glorious name Hv 4, 2, 4. εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ (τοῦ θεοῦ) Hs 9, 12, 5. ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ Ac 10:43 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4 al.). σημεῖα … γίνεσθαι διὰ τοῦ ὀν. … Ἰησοῦ by the power of the name 4:30. Differently παρακαλεῖν τινα διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου appeal to someone by the name (= while calling on the name) of the Lord 1 Cor 1:10.—W. διά and the acc. μισούμενοι … διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου hated on account of my name (i.e., because you bear it) Mt 10:22; 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17 (Just., A I, 4, 2 al.). ποιεῖν τι εἴς τινα διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου J 15:21. ἀφέωνται ὑμῖν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι διὰ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ your sins are forgiven on account of (Jesus’) name 1J 2:12. βαστάζειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου bear (hardship) for my name’s sake Rv 2:3 (s. βαστάζω 2bβ). πάσχειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. (also w. a gen. like αὐτοῦ) Pol 8:2; Hv 3, 2, 1b; Hs 9, 28, 3.
    ב. w. εἰς: somet. evidently as rendering of rabb. לְשֵׁם with regard to, in thinking of δέχεσθαί τινα εἰς ὄν. Ἰ. Χρ. receive someone in deference to Jesus Christ IRo 9:3. δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄν. two or three gathered and thinking of me, i.e., so that I am the reason for their assembling Mt 18:20; but here the other mng. (s. ג below) has had some influence: ‘while naming’ or ‘calling on my name’. τῆς ἀγάπης ἧς ἐνεδείξασθε εἰς τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (i.e. θεοῦ) Hb 6:10 is either the love that you have shown with regard to him, i.e. for his sake, or we have here the frequently attested formula of Hellenistic legal and commercial language (s. Mayser II/2 p. 415; Dssm. B 143ff, NB 25, LO 97f [BS 146f; 197; LAE 121]; Heitmüller, op. cit. 100ff; FPreisigke, Girowesen im griech. Ägypt. 1910, 149ff. On the LXX s. Heitmüller 110f; JPsichari, Essai sur le Grec de la Septante 1908, 202f): εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος to the name=to the account (over which the name stands). Then the deeds of love, although shown to humans, are dedicated to God.—The concept of dedication is also highly significant, in all probability, for the understanding of the expr. βαπτίζειν εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος. Through baptism εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τ. those who are baptized become the possession of and come under the dedicated protection of the one whose name they bear. An additional factor, to a degree, may be the sense of εἰς τὸ ὄν.=‘with mention of the name’ (cp. Herodian 2, 2, 10; 2, 13, 2 ὀμνύναι εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος; Cyranides p. 57, 1 εἰς ὄν. τινος; 60, 18=εἰς τὸ ὄν. τ.; 62, 13. Another ex. in Heitmüller 107): Mt 28:19; Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 7:1, (3); 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3; cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. S. βαπτίζω 2c and Silva New, Beginn. I/5, ’33, 121–40.—πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος believe in the name of someone i.e. have confidence that the person’s name (rather in the sense of a title, cp. Phil 2:9) is rightfully borne and encodes what the person really is J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; 1J 5:13.
    ג. with ἐν: ἐν ὀνόματι of God or Jesus means in the great majority of cases with mention of the name, while naming or calling on the name (PsSol 11:8; JosAs 9:1; Just., D. 35, 2 al.; no corresponding use has been found in gener. Gk. lit.; but cp. ἐν ὀν. τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ὑψίστου θεοῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6.—Heitmüller p. 13ff, esp. 44; 49). In many pass. it seems to be a formula. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49. τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. σου the demons are subject to us at the mention of your name 10:17. ποιεῖν τι ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ac 4:7; cp. Col 3:17. Perh. J 10:25 (but s. below). ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ … οὗτος παρέστηκεν ὑγιής Ac 4:10. ὄν. … ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς vs. 12. παραγγέλλω σοι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. 16:18; cp. 2 Th 3:6; IPol 5:1. σοὶ λέγω ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 14:10 D. Peter, in performing a healing, says ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. περιπάτει 3:6 (s. Heitmüller 60). The elders are to anoint the sick w. oil ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου while calling on the name of the Lord Js 5:14.—Of prophets λαλεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. κυρίου 5:10. παρρησιάζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ speak out boldly in proclaiming the name of Jesus Ac 9:27f. βαπτίζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. be baptized or have oneself baptized while naming the name of Jesus Christ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48. At a baptism ἐν ὀν. χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ AcPl Ha 3, 32. αἰτεῖν τὸν πατέρα ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (=Ἰησοῦ) ask the Father, using my name J 15:16; cp. 14:13, 14; 16:24, 26. W. the latter pass. belongs vs. 23 (ὁ πατὴρ) δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (the Father) will give you, when you mention my name. τὸ πνεῦμα ὸ̔ πέμψει ὁ πατὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου the Spirit, whom the Father will send when my name is used 14:26. To thank God ἐν ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. while naming the name of Jesus Christ Eph 5:20. ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ that when the name of Jesus is mentioned every knee should bow Phil 2:10. χαίρετε, υἱοί, ἐν ὀν. κυρίου greetings, my sons, as we call on the Lord’s name 1:1. ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου whoever comes, naming the Lord’s name (in order thereby to give evidence of being a Christian) D 12:1. ἀσπάζεσθαι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. greet, while naming the name of J. Chr. w. acc. of pers. or thing greeted IRo ins; ISm 12:2. Receive a congregation ἐν ὀν. θεοῦ IEph 1:3. συναχθῆναι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. meet and call on the name of the Lord Jesus=as a Christian congregation 1 Cor 5:4. μόνον ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. only (it is to be) while calling on the name of J. Chr. ISm 4:2.—Not far removed fr. these are the places where we render ἐν τῷ ὀν. with through or by the name (s. ἐν 4c); the effect brought about by the name is caused by its utterance ἀπελούσασθε, ἡγιάσθητε, ἐδικαιώθητε ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. 1 Cor 6:11. ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ (=Ἰησοῦ) J 20:31. τηρεῖν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀν. (θεοῦ) 17:11f.—ἐν τῷ ὀν. at the command (of), commissioned by ἔργα ποιεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός J 10:25 (but s. above). ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός 5:43a; in contrast ἔρχ. ἐν τῷ ὀν. τῷ ἰδίῳ vs. 43b. εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου 12:13 (Ps 117:26). The Ps-passage prob. has the same sense (despite Heitmüller 53f) in Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38.—OMerlier, Ὄνομα et ἐν ὀνόματι dans le quatr. Év.: RevÉtGr 47, ’34, 180–204; RBratcher, BT 14, ’63, 72–80.
    ד. w. ἕνεκα (and the other forms of this word; s. ἕνεκα 1): of persecutions for one’s Christian faith ἀπάγεσθαι ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. μου Lk 21:12. πάσχειν or ὑποφέρειν εἵνεκα τοῦ ὀνόματος Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1; Hs 9, 28, 5. ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. (τοῦ) κυρίου v 3, 5, 2; Hs 9, 28, 6. ἀφιέναι οἰκίας … ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀν. for my name’s sake Mt 19:29. ἔκτισας τὰ πάντα ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. σου you created all things for your name’s sake, i.e. that God’s name might be praised for the benefits which the works of creation bring to humankind D 10:3.
    ה. w. ἐπί and the dat.: ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τινος when someone’s name is mentioned or called upon, or mentioning someone’s name (LXX; En 10:2; Just., D. 39, 6; Ath. 23, 1; s. Heitmüller 19ff; 43ff; s. also 47ff; 52ff; 87ff) in the NT only of the name of Jesus, and only in the synoptics and Ac. ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου they will come using my name Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν 24:47. λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ to speak using this name Ac 4:17; 5:40. διδάσκειν 4:18; 5:28. ποιεῖν δύναμιν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου Mk 9:39. ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. σου ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἐπὶ τῷ σῷ ὀν. τὰς θεραπείας ἐπετέλουν GJs 20:2 (codd.). Of the (spiritual) temple of God: οἰκοδομηθήσεται ναὸς θεοῦ ἐνδόξως ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. κυρίου the temple of God will be gloriously built with the use of the Lord’s name 16:6f, 8 (quot. of uncertain orig.). βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38. Baptism is also referred to in καλεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ receive a name when the name of God’s son is named Hs 9, 17, 4. The words δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου can also be classed here receive (a child) when my name is confessed, when I am called upon Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (s. Heitmüller 64); but s. also 3 below.—ἐπί w. acc.: πεποιθέναι ἐπὶ τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. have confidence in (the Lord’s) most sacred and majestic name 1 Cl 58:1b; ἐλπίζειν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄν. hope in the name (of the Lord) 16:8b.
    ו. w. περί and the gen.: εὐαγγελίζεσθαι περὶ τοῦ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. bring the good news about the name of J. Chr. Ac 8:12.—(W. acc.: ἔχομεν δέος τὸ ὄ. τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 48, 34).
    ז. w. πρός and acc.: πρὸς τὸ ὄν. Ἰησοῦ … πολλὰ ἐναντία πρᾶξαι do many things in opposing the name of Jesus Ac 26:9.
    ח. w. ὑπέρ and gen.: ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. (Ἰησοῦ) ἀτιμασθῆναι Ac 5:41. πάσχειν 9:16; Hs 9, 28, 2. Cp. Ac 15:26; 21:13. The activity of the apostles takes place ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ to the honor of (Jesus’) name Ro 1:5. Cp. 3J 7. Of thankful praying at the Lord’s Supper εὐχαριστοῦμεν σοι … ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἁγίου ὀν. σου, οὗ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν we thank you … for your holy name, which you caused to dwell in our hearts D 10:2.
    δ. ὄν. w. ref. to God or Christ not infreq. stands quite alone, simply the Name: Ac 5:41; Phil 2:9 (cp. Diod S 3, 61, 6); 3J 7; 2 Cl 13:1, 4; IEph 3:1; 7:1; IPhld 10:1; Hv 3, 2, 1; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 13, 2; 9, 28, 3; 5.
    ② a person (Phalaris, Ep. 128; POxy 1188, 8 [13 A.D.]; BGU 113, 11; Jos., Ant. 14, 22; other exx. in Dssm., NB 24f [BS 196f]; LXX) τὸ ποθητόν μοι ὄν. my dear friend: Alce ISm 13:2; IPol 8:3; Crocus IRo 10:1. Pl. (PThéad 41, 10; PSI 27, 22; Num 1:18 al.) people Ac 1:15; Rv 3:4. ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων 11:13 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 72 K.=26 p. 523 D.: ὀνόματα δέκα ἀνδρῶν). This is prob. the place for περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου about teaching and persons and (the) law Ac 18:15.
    ③ the classification under which one belongs, noted by a name or category, title, category (cp. Cass. Dio 38, 44; 42, 24 καὶ ὅτι πολλῷ πλείω ἔν τε τῷ σχήματι καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ τῆς στρατηγίας ὢν καταπράξειν ἤλπιζε=he hoped to effect much more by taking advantage of his praetorial apparel and title; ins: Sb 7541, 5 [II A.D.] Νύμφη ὄνομʼ ἐστί σοι; POxy 37 I, 17 [49 A.D.] βούλεται ὀνόματι ἐλευθέρου τὸ σωμάτιον ἀπενέγκασθαι=she claims to have carried off the infant on the basis of its being free-born; Jos., Ant. 12, 154 φερνῆς ὀνόματι; 11, 40; Just., A II, 6, 4 καὶ ἀνθρώπου καὶ σωτῆρος ὄνομα. Other exx. in Heitmüller 50); the possibility of understanding ὄν. as category made it easier for Greeks to take over rabb. לְשֵׁם (s. 1dγב above) in the sense with regard to a particular characteristic, then simply with regard to, for the sake of ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄν. προφήτου whoever receives a prophet within the category ‘prophet’, i.e. because he is a prophet, as a prophet Mt 10:41a; cp. vss. 41b, 42.—ὸ̔ς ἂν ποτίσῃ ὑμᾶς ἐν ὀνόματι, ὄτι Χριστοῦ ἐστε whoever gives you a drink under the category that you belong to Christ, i.e. in your capacity as a follower of Christ Mk 9:41. εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀν. Χριστοῦ if you are reviled for the sake of Christ 1 Pt 4:14. δοξαζέτω τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ let the person praise God in this capacity (=ὡς Χριστιανός) vs. 16. δέδεμαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. I am imprisoned for the sake of the Name IEph 3:1.—δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου for my (name’s) sake Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (cp. Heitmüller 113. But s. 1dγה above).
    ④ recognition accorded a person on the basis of performance, (well-known) name, reputation, fame (Hom. et al.; 1 Ch 14:17; 1 Macc 8:12) φανερὸν ἐγένετο τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ his fame was widespread Mk 6:14. ὄν. ἔχειν (Pla., Apol. 38c, Ep. 2, 312c) w. ὅτι foll. have the reputation of Rv 3:1 perh. also 3:5 (s. 1bα; JFuller, JETS 26, ’83, 297–306).
    ⑤ name in terms of office held, office (POxy 58, 6) στασιαζουσῶν τ. φυλῶν, ὁποία αὐτῶν εἴη τῷ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι κεκοσμημένη when the tribes were quarreling as to which one of them was to be adorned with that glorious office 1 Cl 43:2. τὸ ὄν. τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς the office of supervision 44:1.—B. 1263f. OEANE IV 91–96 on Mesopotamian practices. Schmidt, Syn. I 113–24. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὄνομα

  • 6 ὁ

    ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.
    ① this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronoun
    ⓐ in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.
    ⓑ ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).
    ⓒ To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.
    ② the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or state
    ⓐ w. nouns
    α. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.
    א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.
    ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.
    β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).
    γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.
    δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).
    ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.
    ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.
    η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.
    θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.
    ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.
    ⓑ Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.
    α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.
    β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.
    γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.
    δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.
    ⓒ The ptc. w. the art. receives
    α. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.
    β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.
    ⓓ The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.
    α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).
    β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. stands
    א. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).
    ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.
    ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.
    ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.
    ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.
    ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also express
    ז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.
    ⓔ The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.
    ⓕ w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.
    ⓖ The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.
    ⓗ The neut. of the art. stands
    α. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.
    β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.
    ⓘ Other notable uses of the art. are
    α. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).
    β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.
    γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).
    ⓙ One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καί
    α. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.
    β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).
    γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.
    ⓚ In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὁ

  • 7 επωνυμια

        ἥ
        1) название, наименование, прозвище, имя
        

    ἐπωνυμίαν θέσθαι Aeschin., Arst. — дать наименование;

        ἔχειν ἐπωνυμίαν ἀπό или ἐπί τινος, тж. καλεῖσθαι ἐπωνυμίην ἐπί τινος или κατὰ ἐπωνυμίαν τινὸς κεκλῆσθαι Her. — быть прозванным по чему-л.;
        ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν σμικρὸς εἶναι Plat. — называться маленьким;
        ἐπωνυμίην Her. — по имени;
        Ἡρακλῆς Ὀλύμπιος ἐπωνυμίην Her. — Геракл, по прозвищу Олимпийский

        2) носитель имени
        

    τοῦ κάλλους ἐ. Plat. — то, что носит имя красоты

    Древнегреческо-русский словарь > επωνυμια

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